Each group will present their findings and will be responsible for teaching informationanswers to the questions. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of the iliad and what it means. Priam, overlooking the battlefield from the trojan ramparts, begs him to come inside, but hector, having given the overconfident order for the trojans to camp outside their gates the night before, now feels too ashamed to join them in their retreat. Geared to what todays students need to know, sparknotes provides. If you would like to check your knowledge of book 22 from the iliad, use the quizworksheet combo. Take a quiz about the important details and events in books 21 22 of the iliad. The iliadbook 22 the boxes and the by homer questions at the. He goes out of his house, planning to further disgrace hectors body but the gods take pity on the fallen trojan. Throughout the iliad there is a deep sense that everything that will come to pass is already fated to happen. Homer calls upon the goddess of poetry and inspiration the muse to sing of achilleus anger. Homers iliad begins nine years after the greek armies first arrived at troy.
Chapter summary for homers the iliad, book 23 summary. When the greeks burn patroclus body, they also hold elaborate athletic contests, a custom in funeral services for distinguished men book 23. The conflict began when paris, the son of troys king priam, seized a willing helen, the most beautiful woman in the world, from the achaean king. Book iv begins with an argument among the gods in which zeus taunts hera and athena about the possibility of ending the war at once because paris has lost the duel with menelaos. Homers epic poem the iliad tells the story of the trojan war and the epic heroes and gods, including achilles. This action continues the practice of divine intervention begun with zeus dream for agamemnon in book 2. However, after heras impassioned argument against the trojans, zeus immediately sends athena to trick pandaros. Book 22 hector now stands as the only trojan left outside troy. Zeus, happy with the wars progress, takes his leave of the battlefield. Use sparknotes and no longer weep, ace every single test you take.
Summary and analysis book xxii summary with the trojans now secure in their city, hektor as their sole representative stands outside the city gates and prepares to meet achilles. Find out what happens in our book 21 summary for the iliad by homer. The iliad recounts a brief but crucial period of the trojan war, a conflict between the city of troy and its allies against a confederation of greek cities, collectively known as the achaeans. Priam sees him coming and cries out to hektor, who has stayed outside the walls to face the achaian warrior. Book 5 continues the graphic warfare that ends book 4. Achilles follows the trojans into the river, hacking them to pieces with his sword. Menelaus observes the death of patroclus and runs to guard his body like a mother cow lowing over a calf. Book 24 is a portrait of grief, from anger to compassion. Euphorbus, the trojan who first speared him, tries to strip him of achilles armor but is killed by menelaus.
Thetis presents achilles with the armor that hephaestus has forged for him. Grief overcomes achilles as he falls to the ground weeping. In the modern vulgate the standard accepted version, the iliad contains 15,693 lines, divided into 24 books. Summary and analysis book xxiii summary after returning to the achaian camp, achilles and the myrmidons drive their chariots in a ritual procession around the bier of patroklos, and achilles leads his men in a dirge for the dead hero. Priam foresees, as andromache did in book 7, that troy will fall without hector. Athena, seeing ares, the god of war in the battle, takes him by the hand and leads him away. Hektor is the only character that appears in every single book of the iliad,and homer has developed this character more than any. Find a summary of this and each chapter of the iliad.
Poseidon, eager to help the achaeans and realizing that zeus has. For homer, the trojan war was already an old story passed down for generations, and the poem is presented from the very beginning as a completed story, the will of zeus moving toward its end. He lets out a terrible cry and all the sea nymphs gather. Without the help of achilles the greeks forces are annihilated by the trojans led by their greatest warrior hector, the son of the trojan king, priam. Instant downloads of all 1427 litchart pdfs including the iliad. Book 17, line 5 the trojan euphorbus comes to take the body but king menelaus will not yield. This makes the scene in which andromache learns of hectors death especially poignant. The next morning thetis delivers achilless new armor, gives him strength, and promises to keep patrocluss body from decaying. Hera sends a mist to confuse and slow the retreat of the men going back towards the city. This study guide consists of approximately 114 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of the iliad. Section quizzes books 1516 books 1718 books 1920 books 2122 books 2324. In the lives of men, the gods are powerful enough to act as fate, spurring them to. To help the trojans, as promised, zeus sends a false dream to agamemnon in which a figure in the form of nestor persuades agamemnon that he.
Summary and analysis of book 22 of homers iliad, with a focus on the duel between hector and achilles. Agamemnon sparknotes literature guide by aeschylus making the reading experience fun. Priam sees him coming and cries out to hektor, who has stayed outside the walls to. Hector commands them to eat, collect everything from the battlefield and stand again tomorrow because the god of war is impartial. The poet invokes a muse to aid him in telling the story of the rage of achilles, the greatest greek hero to fight in the trojan war. Agamemnon, commanderinchief of the achaean army, takes chryseis as his prize. The iliadbook 22 the boxes and the by homer questions at. A plague has overcome the greek armies because agamemnon has refused to return the daughter of a priest of apollo. Apollos priest chryses comes to the achaian camp and asks to ransom back his daughter chryseis, who has been captured. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on litcharts. Homer, iliad, book 22 so they throughout the city, huddled in rout like fawns, were cooling their sweat and drinking and quenching their thirst, as they rested on the fair battlements.
She primarily appears in books 6 and 22 of the epic poem. Dairy book for girls frozen pajamas sparknotes iliad book 22 24 farmacia coles group head office tooronga address book matched book series epub file. Murray 1 so by the beaked ships around thee, o son of peleus, insatiate of fight, the achaeans arrayed them for battle. Book xxiii cliffsnotes study guides book summaries.
He does so as a favor to thetis, who asks him on behalf of achilles. Priam pleads with hector, begging him to fight from within the walls. Iliad study guide contains a biography of homer, literature essays, a complete etext, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. In book 6 hectors humanity is shown as he shares a loving moment with his wife, andromache, and his son astyanax. Murray 1 then was the gathering broken up, and the folk scattered, each man to go to his own ship. Teach your students to analyze literature like litcharts does. Achilles routs the trojans and splits their ranks, pursuing half of them into the river known to the gods as xanthus and to the mortals as.
Achilles singlehandedly splits the trojan forces, driving one half towards the city and one half into the river. These last three books follow the same structural pattern in achilles rage that the first twenty books did. Book 22 eventually, apollo lets achilleus know that he duped him. Menelaus intends to strip him of his armor but apollo inspires hector in the shape of a trojan to stop. This book begins with the exploits of the greek captain diomedes whom the goddess athena inspires with strength and daring. Homer, iliad book 22 theoi classical texts library. Homer, iliad book 24 theoi classical texts library. Find out what happens in our book 23 summary for the iliad by homer.
Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Why does zeus initially agree to help the trojans in the war. Achilles finally begins to accept food, but he still. At the beginning of the section apollo calls him that man without a shred of decency in his heart, all brute force and wild pride, and no shame that does great harm or drives men on to good. Resources clas 1110 tyranny, empire, and democracy. Euphorbus strikes at him and misses only to be killed by menelaus. Apollo addresses the gods wondering aloud why they dont allow hector a. Usually considered to have been written down circa the 8th century bc, the iliad is among the oldest extant works of western literature, along with the. Subscribe now the gods begin to argue over the body of hektor, some wanting to steal it away from. Each day, he fastens hektors corpse to the back of his chariot, and drags him three times around patrokloss burial mound. Section quizzes books 1516 books 1718 books 1920 books 21 22 books 23 24. The focus of the short quiz primarily concerns the plot of book 22, with an emphasis on the. The narrative begins nine years after the start of the war, as the achaeans sack a trojanallied town and capture two beautiful maidens, chryseis and briseis. She promises to look after patrocluss body and keep it from.
Books 21 22 59 books 23 24 62 important quotations explained 66 key facts 70. Beginning in book xxii and extending to book xxiv, achilles again moves from understandable anger, this time over the death of patroklos, to uncontrollable and allconsuming rage in his treatment of the body of hektor. On a previous encounter, achilles captured lycaon and. Created by harvard students for students everywhere, sparknotes is a new breed of study guide. From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the sparknotes the iliad study guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays.
This free study guide is stuffed with the juicy details and important facts you need to know. The iliad begins with the poet calling on the muse to sing of the wrath of achilleus and its consequences. Book 22, 3233 priam tells his son not to stand up against achilles and laments the death of polydorus 1 and lycaon. Inextricably linked with hectors doom, the impending doom of troy lies especially heavy in book 22.
Kline after he slays hector in book 22, achilles prepares patroclus ceremonial funeral. Murray 1 so they throughout the city, huddled in rout like fawns, were cooling their sweat and drinking and quenching their thirst, as they rested on the fair battlements. Calling his myrmidons and the commanders of the army together, achilles foreswears his rage toward agamemnon and intends to immediately go into battle. He lies awake and remembers all the things that they did together. Chryses, priest of apollo, comes to the greek camp to ransom his daughter, chryseis, held captive by agamemnon.
Achilles, one of the achaeans most valuable warriors, claims briseis. The rest bethought them of supper and of sweet sleep, to take their fill thereof. Achilles watches the retreat from afar and worries about the fate of patroclus. Up to this point achilles has been stuck in anger fed by grief. The iliad sparknotes literature guide series by sparknotes. The games end but achilles cannot sleep because he yearns for his friend. At the achaean camp, achilles and the myrmidons continue their mourning for patroclus. There are a total of 24 books in the iliad, totaling roughly 24 26 hours of reading time. Homer, iliad book 20 theoi classical texts library. Achilles, the epics central character, exposes this fact and confronts the king.
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